Solid waste management Bolivia-zero waste 2019-2023

During the whole intervention the program has promoted 4 solid waste models: i) a management model for the municipality of La Paz (large municipality), ii) a model for the municipality of Tarija (intermediate or medium sized), a model for the municipalities of the Chaco Cruceño (4 small municipalities) and a management model for indigenous autonomy. The model generated for La Paz has considered the development of organic waste utilization systems at various scales: household, schools and institutions, neighborhood and municipal, diversifying the amount of organic waste treated per day, with an installed capacity of 32 tons per day, 30 tons in a municipal composting plant and 2 tons through household, institutional and neighborhood composters, implemented through the support of two green businesses, Ecofractal and Biocenosis. In the case of recyclable inorganic waste, the model has strengthened the municipal differentiated collection system, already initiated by the municipal government in 2018 through the provision of ten additional green islands, incorporation and formalization of recyclers and the installation of cameras in differentiated collection trucks that allow better control of recyclable material flows. As a result, 100% coverage of this service has been achieved in the urban area, and 20% of organic and inorganic waste can now be recycled. Regarding final disposal, the municipality has received support for technical assistance and the exchange of international experiences in Mexico and Argentina for mechanical biological treatment and the generation of fuel derived from waste, with which the municipality has designed a new service for utilization and final disposal. With the future implementation of this solution, La Paz has the potential to use 80% of its waste. In the case of the municipalities of Tarija (Cercado, Uriondo and San Lorenzo), none of them had a differentiated collection service for recyclable waste and had basic composting infrastructure. The management model developed for Cercado consists of the design and implementation of differentiated collection routes operated by the municipality and also through the incorporation of a recyclers association named MARMAT for the recycling of recyclable inorganic waste. These interventions have been strengthened with the construction of a recycling center, improvements to the infrastructure of the composting plant, the provision of a truck and motorcycles for differentiated collection. As a result, Tarija has reached a potential of 20% of the organic and inorganic waste generated. The model has been complemented with interventions in the municipalities of San Lorenzo and Uriondo, where differentiated collection systems for organic and inorganic waste have also been established, as well as the construction of manually operated composting plant in each municipality. An important milestone has been the signing of an intergovernmental agreement between Cercado, San Lorenzo and Uriondo for integrated solid waste management with the same vision and strategic guidelines, to share a joint solid waste treatment complex (CTRS). This inter-governmental agreement was the result of intermunicipal strategic planning for integrated solid waste management with the participation of authorities, municipal technicians and social actors. For the small municipalities (Camiri, Cuevo, Boyuibe and Lagunillas), the management model in the municipalities has begun with the improvement of urban sanitation to reach 100% coverage. The differentiated collection service has been incorporated in ten neighborhoods in Camiri and in the areas surrounding the central area of the urban centres of Boyuibe, Cuevo and Lagunillas. The use of organic waste began with the construction of a composting plant with a capacity of seven tons per day in Camiri and the delivery of 200 home composting bins in the other three municipalities. The capacity to recycle 38,4% of organic and inorganic waste has been achieved. With respect to final disposal, landfill closure plans have been prepared for the five municipalities in the region and the rehabilitation and transition of three open dumps to sanitary landfills in the municipalities of Cuevo, Boyuibe and Lagunillas were implemented, complemented by a process of capacity building in landfill management. In Camiri, the landfill closure plan and the pre-investment technical study for the construction of a waste treatment complex has been prepared. There is the possibility of implementing a joint sanitary landfill between the municipalities of Camiri, Boyuibe and Cuevo based on a technical and financial feasibility study; however, political and technical dialogue shall continue in the near future. Regarding the indigenous model, during project implementation, the municipality of Gutiérrez became an indigenous autonomy. The collection service coverage was less than 20% (only in the urban area) and rural areas did not have collection service and dispose their waste in the river, streams, or burn it. Improvement of the coverage in the urban center has been made, incorporating pilot experiences of neighborhood and community composting, as well as the establishment of two collection centers for recyclable inorganic waste, with a projected waste utilization rate of 11%. At the national level, although the intervention didn´t get it the consolidation of the Solid Waste Roundtable, technical assistance has been provided to the Viceminsitry of Water and sanitation (specifically to the Solid Waste Directorate) in the development of norms, regulations and public policy. It has supported the preparation of the planning instruments for the closure of open dumps, updating i) the technical guide manual for the design and operation of sanitary landfills, ii) the technical guide for the design and operation of mechanized sanitary landfills and iii) the guide for the closure of landfills. It has also supported the updating of the national solid waste diagnostic, key input for the design of the National Programme for Integrated Waste Management. Overall and according to the main indicators established in the log frame: - The Perception of improved health due to less contamination in final disposal sites has increased from 4% to 57% - Their has been an important reduction in GHG emissions (tCO2e) in the three area of intervention (from 221,290 to 207,984 tCO2e emission in La Paz, from 43,785 to 9,995.12 tCO2e in Tarija and from 5,166 to 1,925.44 tCO2e in Chaco Cruceño). - In all cases the percentage of solid waste reuse (aprovechamiento) has increased between 20% (La Paz and Tarija) and 38.4% (Chaco Cruceño) in the areas of intervention.

The objectives and expected results of the O Waste Programme have not changed; however, the logical framework has been optimized according to the main results of the inception phase.   The main objective continues to be the same. To generate integrated solid waste management models emphasizing the reuse of waste under a circular economy approach. These models will prioritize the efficient use of waste to advance into a 0 Garbage approach, promoting the use for organic and inorganic waste in the municipalities. At the end of the project, it is expected to have three models of comprehensive solid waste management validated for different contexts: - large urban cities, intermediate urban cities and small associated municipalities (ciudades mancomunadas)  - Three different ecological floor -Altiplano, valleys and lowlands.   To achieve the purpose of the project, the fourth initial components/effects that have been established in the original project document remain the same: i) Effect 1: Collection, transport and final disposal; ii) Effect 2: Reuse and commercialization; iii) Effect 3: Institutional development; Iv) Effect 4. Communication, knowledge management and skills.   The final target of the programme is to improve the health of the population of the selected municipalities, reducing the levels of environmental pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases..   The beneficiary population in the improvement of solid waste management services will be the totality of users: La Paz, 943,758 inhabitants (GAMLP) (a large municipality); Tarija, 245,000 (an intermediate municipality) and its adjoining areas (Uriondo and Villa San Lorenzo); Chaco Cruceño, 65,000 inhabitant (five municipalities, one with a population of intermediate size and four smaller populations). In total, it is a target population of 1,254,000 inhabitants and nine municipalities.   Of this target population, the work will involve: - Women, due to the low recognition of them as actors in the solid waste management chain, who, since they do not have basic services, are the most affected as they are usually responsible for taking care of the home (reproductive role, includes hygiene, management waste and household health). - People/ families dedicated to the classification and collection of waste, - Population of peripheral areas that suffer irregularly access to the waste management services, with poor quality in their provision. - Cleaning staff due to their proximity to sources of contamination and because they suffer discrimination from the rest of the population. - General population, whose perception is negative regarding waste collection and use services.   Regarding the specific targets established in the logical framework, the programme wants "to improve the health of the population of the selected municipalities, reducing the levels of environmental contamination". In this sense and in order to make visible the impact of the proposed objective, it is expected: - To increase the households perception of improvement in health due to less contamination in final disposal sites (it is expected that the bad perception of contamination will lower from 96% according to the baseline to 80%) - To reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The aim of this intervention is to reduce emissions by approximately 20% according to the baseline of 270.241,00 Tn CO2-eq/year by optimizing the solid waste collection, use and final disposal systems. - The improvement of the Environmental Quality Index (ICA) in solid waste final disposal sites (the ICA reduce for La Paz in Air: reduction of at least 10%; Tarija: Air: reduction of at least 10%, and for the Chaco Cruceño: Air: reduction of at least 5% in relation to the baseline).   Finally, it is important to mention that this contribution has also national importance, especiall considering that: -  it wants to promote the generation of integrated solid waste management models (with norms and regulations) that could be implemented nationwide. The main expectation will be to lay the foundations to replicate this integral solid waste management models of for the large municipalities (4 existing ones), intermediate cities (35) and in more than 100 smaller urban populations from the country. Together, these populations concentrate 70% of the national population, just over seven million inhabitants). - as a mechanism to prevent pollution than can be spread beyond the selected municipalities, considering the potential replicability of this 3 models.