UNICEF 2019 - 2025 Tematiskt stöd
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UNICEF och Sverige har i dialog kommit överens om att fortsätta det långvariga bilaterala samarbetet i Mali. Detta beslut hänvisar till ett stöd till genomförandet av det sista året av landprogrammet 2015–2019 samt det första året av det nya programmet 2020–2024. Det kommande landprogrammet är under utveckling och tar hänsyn till att viktiga resultat har uppnå...
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UNICEF och Sverige har i dialog kommit överens om att fortsätta det långvariga bilaterala samarbetet i Mali. Detta beslut hänvisar till ett stöd till genomförandet av det sista året av landprogrammet 2015–2019 samt det första året av det nya programmet 2020–2024. Det kommande landprogrammet är under utveckling och tar hänsyn till att viktiga resultat har uppnåtts de senaste fyra åren, att kontexten i Mali har förändrats på ett betydande sätt och att ny strategisk riktning har tillhandahållits på global nivå. Preliminära förändringsteorier finns tillgängliga för varje komponent som Sverige fortsätter att finansiera, inklusive information om de huvudsakliga förändringarna som planeras och de aktörer som förväntas ändra sina attityder, relationer eller beteenden. Mål och indikatorer kommer att definieras ytterligare under 2019. Vatten, sanitet och hygien (WASH) WASH-komponenten i landprogrammet 2020–2024 syftar till att säkerställa att samhällen, familjer, kvinnor och barn i Mali, särskilt på landsbygden och i semi-urbana områden samt dem som drabbas av humanitära kriser, har tillgång till vatten, sanitet och hygien. För att uppnå denna förändring fokuserar UNICEF WASH på två huvudresultat; 1) År 2024 har de mest utsatta samhällena, familjer, kvinnor och barn på landsbygden, i semi-urbana områden samt dem som drabbats av humanitär kris nya medel och tjänster för att säkerställa hållbar tillgång till dricksvatten och grundläggande sanitet. 2) År 2024 har skolor och vårdinstitutioner tillgång till vatten och sanitet samt förbättrade hygienförhållanden, särskilt de mest sårbara på landsbygden, i semi-urbana områden samt dem som drabbats av humanitär kris. Skydd av barn Barnskyddskomponenten i landprogrammet 2020–2024 syftar till att säkerställa att barn och ungdomar, flickor och pojkar, i utsatta områden, inklusive i humanitära situationer, är bättre skyddade mot våld, utnyttjande och traditionell praxis av skadlig natur. Barnskyddskomponenten fokuserar på tre huvudresultat; 1) År 2024 drar ungdomar, flickor och pojkar nytta av ett integrerat och bevisbaserat system som skyddar mot sexuellt och fysiskt våld och exploatering, anpassat till den regionala kontexten samt humanitära och utvecklingsbehov. 2) År 2024 har ungdomar, flickor och pojkar kapacitet att skydda sig mot könsbaserat våld, barnäktenskap och könsstympning samt att utvecklas i en social, juridisk och politisk miljö som är gynnsam för flickors jämställdhet och självständighet. 3) År 2024 har alla barn, inklusive de som lever i humanitära situationer, tillgång till födelsebevis vid födseln och alla barn och ungdomar som är offer, vittne eller i strid med lagen gynnas av ett rättvist och könssensitivt rättssystem som har anpassats till kontexten. Social integration Landprogrammets komponent som fokuserar på social integration syftar till att säkerställa att alla barn lever i en socioekonomisk miljö som gynnar deras förmåga att utöva sina grundläggande rättigheter och som ger rättvisa möjligheter att uppnå sin fulla potential. Följande tre nyckelresultat har definierats; 1) År 2024 har de lokala och nationella statliga strukturerna tillräcklig teknisk kapacitet att använda och analysera data om fattigdom för att utarbeta policy och för att genomföra sociala skyddsprogram. 2) År 2024 har de lokala och nationella aktörerna ökad kapacitet att utforma, samordna och genomföra integrerade sociala trygghetssystem och en inkluderande politik. 3) I år 2024 är de lokala och nationella aktörerna bättre rustade att öka, fördela och förvalta offentliga resurser till förmån för barn.
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Resultat
Examples of achieved results mentioned below are evident from the thematic narrative reports of 2022: Child Protection Operating in a complex context, UNICEF has played an important role with the transition government and partners to sustain the mandate of leaving no-one behind. UNICEF implements a life-cycle approach, focusing on multi-sectoral needs per age group, and delivering an integrated package for the most vulnerable or harder-to-reach children. Some highlights of the results achieved: Interoperability between health services and civil registry services strengthened: In 2022, the momentum to strengthen interoperability between health services and civil registry services was highlighted by the revision of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between these 2 services. This revision focused on the inclusion of other community platforms in the new MoU with the roles of notifying births to community health workers, raising awareness and informing communities about birth registration procedures and its importance. This is an advanced strategy that brings birth registration services and access closer to the communities. The MoU was signed during a national workshop that brought together all actors, including the four signatory entities of the MoU, namely the National Directorate of Civil Status (DNEC), the General Directorate of Health and Public Hygiene (DGSHP), the National Federation of Community Health Associations (FENASCOM) and Association of Municipalities of Mali (AMM). Increased capacity building of health staff on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) consequences in 2022, 719 survivors of Gender Based Violence (GBV) (512 girls, 154 boys, and 53 women) received psychosocial and medical care in community-based health structures (CSCOMs - Centre de Santé Communautaire, and CSRefs - Centre de santé de Reference) in Kayes, Koulikoro, Sikasso, Ségou, and Bamako district. Among them,112 girl survivors of FGM aged 0-5 years old (16 per cent) were provided with FGM medical care in health facilities. Other cases of GBV were cases of physical assault, denial of resources-opportunities services and child marriage. Cases that exceed the competence of CSCOMs and CSRefs were referred to hospitals at the regional level. Increased access to psychosocial support for vulnerable children A total of 38,549 children (including 18,668 girls) aged 6-12 affected by the conflict (19 per cent of the target) were provided with psychosocial support by mobile teams, in either Child Friendly Spaces (CFS), Temporary Learning Spaces (TLS), or within displaced communities, compared to 20,686 assisted in 2021, an increase of 54 per cent. Case management for children who experienced physical, sexual or emotional violence (a Key Result for Children - KRC for UNICEF Mali) A total of 2,496 (including 1,127 girls) child victims of physical, sexual and/or emotional violence aged 6-12 were provided with individual care through case management system including psychosocial support and/or health and justice services (99.8 per cent of the annual target). Furthermore, 526 children (213 girls) aged 6-12 years who ended up unaccompanied or separated due to conflicts and displacement benefited from alternative care and/or family tracing and reunification services in 2022 against 336 in 2021. This shows an increase of 69 per cent in 2022 compared to 2021. All identified children received interim care and were reunited with their families. Though most children formerly associated with armed groups are adolescents, 19 children (4 girls) were all reached with holistic temporary care and/or socioeconomic reintegration support. 22,194 children on the move or at risk received protective services through UNICEF-supported mobile teams and one stop social welfare shops along migratory routes. Among them, 1,051 benefited from case management and 21,143 others from awareness. Strengthened Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM) of six grave violations of childrens rights (in line with the UN Security Council SC Resolution 1612) More than 1,200 graves violations against children were verified from January to December (including more than 1,000 which occurred in 2022). Ménaka, Gao, Menaka and Timbuktu regions accounted for more than 50 per cent of verified grave violations against children. Thanks to the thematic contribution, UNICEF supported the identification and verification of 60 to 70 per cent cases reported by UNICEF and its implementing partners. Strengthened capacities for adolescent girls and boys to protect themselves from harmful practices and GBV In 2022, 95,600 beneficiaries (6,1962 girls) and women (32,363 women) received prevention, and care services on FGM, including the increased risks of GBV related to COVID-19 in Koulikoro, Sikasso, Segou and Bamako district. Thanks to the thematic contribution, "girl-friendly communities" were established by setting up a "Municipal Councils for Adolescents and Youth" (CCEJ) in the targeted communities. This Council made up of 10 boys and 10 girls (aged between 10-19 years) works with the municipality on GBV[1]related programs with a focus on ending harmful practices (FGM, child marriage), children's (girls, boys) and women's rights, reproductive health, positive social norms, prevention, and response to COVID19. WASH The slow progress in sanitation is the result of low prioritization/budgeting of the sanitation sub-sector as compared to the water sub-sector. Poor access to sanitation may also be attributed to the low level of demand for improved sanitation practices that constitutes a primary barrier to success. Behaviour change and social norms interventions to end open defecation, improve hygiene practices (personal and environmental), and promote water safety, are thereby essential to make headway in these areas and consolidate the gains. Equally important is having robust local markets with adequate supply chains to ensure that newly requested goods and services are available and that incremental improvements are maintained. Regarding the functionality of hydraulic infrastructures, the average failure rate of handpumps is about 30% in 2017 (DNH). This rate varies between 26% and 52% depending on the region and mainly affects rural areas, where community managed structures, private operators, municipalities in rural and semi-urban areas are inefficient in their role of contracting authority in charge of ensuring the sustainability of water service delivery. We noted that results reported during the period are very old and need to be up-dated. UNICEF Mali as lead of the WASH Cluster and the WASH donor coordination group is contributing to address and coordinate WASH sector needs through an integrated strategy focusing on enhanced WASH service-delivery, institutional and national planning support, advocacy and evidence-base generation. The UNICEF WASH strategy in the humanitarian context of Mali consists of a three-pronged approach, (i) Providing drinking water to the population at community level, through the rehabilitation and construction of climate resilient water systems, the promotion of hygiene practices and the strengthening of water management systems; (ii) Providing the full WASH package to health centres and schools; (iii) Supporting nutrition interventions by ensuring that caregivers of acutely malnourished children receive sensitization on proper hygiene practices and provided with water treatment and hygiene kits. These three approaches aim at improving the health, education and nutritional status of IDPs and host communities affected by the conflict in the centre and north while short term assistance in WASH is also provided to peoples affected by floods, outbreaks, and other potential disasters. The strategy focuses as well on capacity building of government partners, local authorities and local communities on the sustainable management of the water infrastructures. Below are examples of salient results achieved: WASH in communities UNICEF fostered an improved enabling environment for rural sanitation and water services in Mali by strengthening Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS), developing WASH marketing approach and tools, and strengthening national planning and monitoring capacities. UNICEF contributed to address water access and needs in emergency and build population resilience in regions affected by the crisis. UNICEF with WASH stakeholders will aim scaling up, strengthening partnership with local stakeholders, promote innovations and diversification of the range of products and services, involve financial institutions, develop regulation and empower institutional anchoring and sustainability. WASH in Institutions UNICEF program is leading to an improved enabling environment for water, sanitation and hygiene development in schools and health centers in Mali by accelerating efforts to institutionalize WASH interventions in the health and education sector, developing and refining evidence-based intervention models and reducing bottlenecks affecting the scaling up of services provided for the most deprived children and women. Girls and boys, health centers and schools gained access to improved water and gender-friendly sanitation facilities through UNICEF direct support.
The contribution is a support to the implementation of the last year of the CP 2015-2019 as well as the first year of the new CP 2020-2024. Since the start of the CP 2015-2019, important results have already been achieved, the context in Mali has changed in a significant way and new strategic direction has been provided at the global level. The CP for 2020-2024 was developed during 2019 and adopted in early 2020. Taking into account that Sweden has a strong strategic partnership with UNICEF on a global level, it is relevant to document the global objectives and theory of change. The impact statement of UNICEF’s global Strategic Plan, 2018–2021, is ’Realizing the rights of every child, especially the most disadvantaged’. This envisaged impact will be contributed to through five Goal Areas: (a) Every child survives and thrives; (b) Every child learns; (c) Every child is protected from violence and exploitation; (d) Every child lives in a safe and clean environment; (e) Every child has an equitable chance in life. These five global goal areas have been further defined through 25 outputs, 8 change strategies, 4 enablers and two cross-cutting areas (humanitarian and development nexus and gender integration) for which UNICEF is fully accountable. The change strategies give insight on how UNICEF works; (a) Programme at scale; (b) Gender-responsive programming; (c) Winning support for the cause of children from decision makers and the wider public; (d) Developing and leveraging resources and partnerships for children; (e) Harnessing the power of business and markets for children; (f) United Nations working together; (g) Fostering innovation for children; (h) Harnessing the power of evidence as a driver of change for children. In Mali, the new vision of the CP 2020-2024 is that children and adolescents, both girls and boys, especially the most disadvantaged, deprived and hard-to-reach and those affected by crises, live and participate in resilient communities, enjoying a protective, nurturing and supportive environment that allows them to unlock their full potential throughout their lives. UNICEF has opted to build their CP 2020-2024 based on the life cycle of the child. UNICEF has defined bottle necks and theories of change. The vision will be achieved if: (a) more children aged 0 to 5 years and their mothers and caregivers have access to and use quality basic social services; (b) communities are child-friendly and engaged and nurture children’s early physical, emotional and cognitive development; (c) more children aged 6 to 12 years are enrolled in schools with adequate water and sanitation and a protective environment that champion high-quality learning and respond to increased social demand for diversified education options; (d) more children aged 6 to 12 years benefit from integrated health, nutrition and protection services allowing them to thrive and succeed in school and beyond; (e) more adolescent girls and boys aged 13 to 18 years have access to high-quality learning to boost their employability and are engaged in communities that promote child-friendly behaviours and protect them from violence; (f) young girls and boys and their communities have increased skills and space to demand their rights and participate in decision-making and have enhanced capacities for civic engagement, peacebuilding and social cohesion; and (g) social services are more gender-responsive, more integrated and better tailored to the needs of girls and boys at different stages of their lives. The life-cycle approach recognizes the intersectoral and mutually reinforcing nature of the key results for children (KRC); a more robust approach to early childhood and to the second decade; the empowerment of adolescents and the positioning of girls as key actors of change; and the linking of humanitarian and development programming while building community resilience will bring about innovative strategies for results at scale. The above has been translated to a transformative agenda through three key windows of opportunity, supported by two cross-cutting programme components: (a) The early years (0–5 years), focusing on health, nutrition, birth registration, water and sanitation, protection and early learning for school readiness; (b) The formative years (6–12 years), facilitating successful transitions, with an emphasis on safe and inclusive quality education and the prevention of violence and exploitation; (c) The second decade (13–18 years), focusing on adolescent empowerment, skills development, well-being, the promotion of child-friendly behaviours and the prevention of violence and exploitation; (d) An enabling environment for community resilience through active participation in social service management, monitoring and social protection; (e) Programme effectiveness. As mentioned above, Sweden is supporting three components of the CP 2015-2019 and has decided to continue supporting the same thematic areas of the CP 2020-2024. The theories of change for each component in the CP 2020-2024 are described below, highlighting the behavioural changes to be achieved. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) The WASH component of the CP 2020-2024 aims to ensure that communities, families, women and children in Mali, in particular those in rural and semi-urban areas as well as those affected by humanitarian crisis, have access to sustainable drinking water and sanitation services and practices adequate hygiene and environmental behaviours. To achieve this change, UNICEF WASH focuses on two main results; 1) By 2024, the most vulnerable communities, families, women and children in rural and semi-urban areas as well as those affected by humanitarian crisis have new means and services to sustainably access drinking water and basic sanitation 2) By 2024, schools and health centres have adequate water and sanitation infrastructure as well as improved hygiene conditions, especially the most vulnerable in rural and semi-urban areas as well as those affected by humanitarian crisis. The main actors that have been identified in the theory of change to have key roles to play include the private sector, the decision makers and the financial and technical partners. The private sector is needed to support the government and the communities with sufficient technical and financial resources, the decision makers are needed to provide strategic direction and coordination and financial and technical partners are needed to support the scaling up of service provision and capacity building. At component level, seven change strategies have been identified; production of data and evidence, strengthening the multi-sectoral approach, developing innovative financing mechanisms and public private partnerships, strengthen institutional capacities as well as those of local authorities, strengthen communities with a gender approach in the decision-making process and management of WASH, stimulate the demand of sanitation and a clean environment while developing the local WASH market for service provision and, finally, integrate humanitarian, development and social cohesion approaches while developing climate resilient WASH services. At this level, the role of women is specifically highlighted with respect to decision-making while gender aspects such as specific WASH needs of women and girls have been integrated in the implementation, follow up and analysis. Child protection The Child protection component of the CP 2020-2024 aims to ensure that children and adolescents, girls and boys, in vulnerable areas, including in humanitarian situations, are better protected against violence, exploitation and traditional practises. The Child protection component focuses on three main results; 1) By 2024, adolescents, girls and boys, benefit from an integrated and evidence-based system that protects from sexual and physical violence and exploitation and that is adapted to regional contexts and both humanitarian and development needs. 2) By 2024, adolescents, girls and boys, are equipped to protect themselves against gender-based violence, child marriage and FGM and to evolve in a social, legal and policy environment that is favourable to gender equality and autonomy of girls. 3) By 2024, all children, including those living in humanitarian contexts, receive birth certificates at birth and all children and adolescents that are victim, witness or in conflict with the law benefit from a fair, equitable and gender sensitive justice system that is adapted to contextual needs. The draft theory of change and draft strategic paper for the child protection component highlights all actors that play a key role in the lives of children, starting with the children and adolescents themselves. The community and the parents are given a particular attention, including how inter-generational dialogue can be promoted. Similarly, linking the traditional protection system and the modern justice system is emphasized. Overall, an integrated system to ensure protection is needed. The change strategies that are included mainly address the capacity of the above-mentioned actors and systems. Expanding the partnerships and increase resource mobilization is also included as a main change strategy. The strategic paper further explains that corporate social responsibility can be a lever and a way for UNICEF to diversify financial resources. Social inclusion The social inclusion component aims to ensure that all children live in a socio-economic environment that favors their ability to exercise their fundamental rights and that offers equitable chances to realize their full potential. The following three key results have been defined; 1) By 2024, the local and national state structures have sufficient technical capacity to use and analyze data on poverty in the process of elaborating public policies and during the implementation of social protection programs. 2) By 2024, the local and national actors have increased capacity to conceive, coordinate and implement integrated social protection systems and inclusive policies. 3) By 2024, the local and national actors are better equipped to raise, allocate and manage public resources that better supports children. Also in the social inclusion component, a range of actors are required to reach the impact and outcome objectives. Similar change strategies as for the global theory of change are identified for this component in Mali. The main difference is that the focus is rather on implementing the existing program rather than scaling up and the community and civil society engagement is given more importance than collaborating with the private sector and “harnessing the power of business and markets for children”.
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